Cough, congestion and sore throat: what to know

A common cold may cause a blocked or runny nose, throat irritation and a cough. Influenza and COVID-19 can also cause cough and throat symptoms, sometimes with fever, chills, body aches or marked tiredness. Allergic rhinitis can produce congestion and a cough from mucus draining into the throat, usually without the general feeling of an infection. Acid reflux may irritate the throat and trigger coughing, especially after meals or when lying down. Strep throat, tonsillitis and glandular fever are other possibilities when throat pain is prominent. These symptoms alone do not identify one condition.

Rest, drink fluids regularly and choose soft foods if swallowing hurts. Warm drinks or a salt-water gargle may soothe the throat. Saline nasal spray or a humidified room can ease congestion. Avoid cigarette smoke and other airway irritants. Wash your hands, cover coughs and consider staying away from vulnerable people while you feel unwell. A pharmacist can explain which over-the-counter options fit your age, pregnancy status, medical conditions and current medicines; do not combine products that contain the same ingredient.

Seek urgent help for severe difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, inability to swallow saliva, confusion, collapse, or rapidly worsening swelling in the throat. Arrange prompt medical assessment for chest pain, coughing blood, dehydration, a persistent high fever, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling. A clinician may need to examine your throat, listen to your chest, or test for a respiratory infection when the pattern or exposure history suggests it.

Ask whether your symptoms fit a common cold, influenza, COVID-19, allergy or another cause; whether testing is useful; which medicines are safe with your health conditions; and what change should prompt a review.