Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel condition affecting the lining of the large bowel and rectum. Symptoms may include loose or frequent stools, an urgent need to pass stool, rectal bleeding, mucus, cramps and abdominal pain. Some people also lose appetite, feel tired or develop a raised temperature during a flare. Symptoms can come and go, with quieter periods between episodes.

These symptoms have other possible causes, including infection, medicines and other bowel conditions. The pattern and examination matter; [Diarrhoea](/symptoms/diarrhoea/) and [Abdominal Pain](/symptoms/abdominal-pain/) are not diagnoses by themselves.

Arrange a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) for persistent diarrhoea, recurring blood or mucus, unexplained weight loss or symptoms that disturb sleep. Record stool frequency, bleeding, pain, fever, food changes and medicines. Drink fluids and seek personalised advice about eating during a flare; avoid starting restrictive diets or anti-inflammatory medicines without guidance.

Seek urgent care for heavy or persistent rectal bleeding, severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, inability to keep fluids down, fainting, confusion or marked weakness. Prompt review is also needed for fever with frequent bloody stools, because dehydration and severe inflammation can develop quickly.

Ask which stool, blood or imaging tests may clarify the cause, how a flare would be monitored, and which treatments are safe with your other medicines. Ask whether screening such as [Colorectal Cancer Screening](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/colorectal-cancer-screening/) applies to your personal history.