Common symptoms of menopause

Menopause is reached when periods have stopped for twelve months. The transition beforehand can make bleeding less predictable as ovarian hormone levels change. Temperature regulation may trigger sudden heat and sweating, sometimes during sleep. Lower oestrogen can contribute to vaginal dryness, discomfort with sex, urinary irritation or changes in sexual desire. Mood shifts, tiredness and poor concentration may be influenced by sleep disruption as well as hormonal change. Symptoms vary widely: some people notice only period changes, while others have several symptoms together.

Keep a simple record of bleeding, heat episodes, sleep, mood and vaginal symptoms so a clinician can see patterns. Light clothing, a cool bedroom, regular movement and reducing personal triggers may help with flushes and night sweats. Vaginal moisturisers or lubricants can ease dryness; a clinician can discuss hormonal and non-hormonal options when symptoms interfere with daily life. Seek advice before starting supplements, because products can interact with medicines or be unsuitable for some conditions.

Arrange medical advice for bleeding after menopause, very heavy or prolonged bleeding, bleeding between periods, new pelvic pressure, or symptoms that are disrupting sleep, work or relationships. Seek urgent help for severe pain, fainting, chest pain, sudden weakness or heavy bleeding with dizziness. New symptoms should not automatically be attributed to menopause, particularly if they are persistent or rapidly worsening.

Ask which symptoms fit the menopause transition, whether another condition or medicine could be contributing, and which treatments suit your health history. You can also ask how to protect vaginal comfort, sleep and bone health, and what bleeding pattern should prompt review.