Common symptoms of food poisoning

Food poisoning is illness caused by contaminated food or drink. Symptoms can begin after a short delay or later, depending on the germ or toxin involved. Vomiting and diarrhoea may happen together, while some people mainly notice cramps, nausea, or fever. Fluid loss can lead to thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, weakness, and less urine. Similar symptoms can have other causes, so the timing of the illness and whether anyone else who ate the same food is unwell can help a clinician assess it.

Take frequent small sips of water or oral rehydration therapy, especially after vomiting or diarrhoea. Rest and return to light foods as tolerated. Wash hands with soap and water, avoid preparing food for others while ill, and keep separate towels if possible. Do not take leftover antibiotics or medicines to stop diarrhoea without clinical advice. Contact a clinician if symptoms are not settling or you cannot keep fluids down.

Seek urgent care for blood in vomit or stool, severe or worsening abdominal pain, fainting, confusion, persistent vomiting, signs of dehydration, or a high fever with marked weakness. Babies, older adults, pregnant people, and those with weakened immunity may need advice sooner. Emergency assessment is needed if the person collapses or is difficult to wake.

Ask whether testing is needed, how much fluid to take, which foods or medicines to avoid, and whether someone else exposed to the same meal should be assessed.