What should you know about common causes of impetigo?

Impetigo is usually caused by bacteria that reach the surface through a break in the skin. The infection can begin on apparently normal skin, but scratching, dry skin and atopic dermatitis make entry easier. It spreads through direct skin contact and by sharing towels, clothing or other personal items. Small sores may ooze and form yellow-brown crusts, often around the nose and mouth, though other areas can be affected.

Wash hands after touching the area, keep sores covered when practical and avoid sharing towels, bedding, clothing or razors. Gently clean the skin and avoid picking crusts. Arrange assessment because treatment depends on how many areas are involved and whether the infection is spreading. A clinician may recommend topical antibiotic therapy for limited infection or another antibiotic treatment when more extensive.

Seek prompt advice when sores spread quickly, become painful, produce increasing discharge or affect the eyes. Get urgent help for fever, marked weakness, facial swelling, severe pain or a child who seems seriously unwell. Keep children away from close-contact activities until a clinician confirms when returning is appropriate.

Ask whether eczema or another skin problem helped the infection start, which treatment is suitable, how to clean the area and how to protect household contacts.