Cold, flu and fever treatment: what to know

Colds and flu-like illnesses can overlap, but treatment depends on age, symptoms, timing, medical history, and examination. Fever is part of the body's response and does not need to be chased when the person is comfortable. Cough, blocked nose, sore throat, aches, and fatigue may each need a different comfort measure. Antibiotics do not treat viral infections, while some people at higher risk may need early assessment for prescription antiviral treatment. COVID-19, acute bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions can resemble flu.

Rest and take frequent drinks; small sips can be easier when nausea or throat pain is present. Dress lightly and keep the room comfortable. Saline spray, warm drinks, and honey for suitable children or adults may ease throat or cough symptoms. Use fever or pain medicine only as directed, checking the active ingredients in combination products. Never give aspirin to children or teenagers unless a clinician specifically advises it. Ask a pharmacist before using decongestants during pregnancy or with heart, blood pressure, or other conditions.

Get urgent help for difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, blue lips, severe weakness, inability to keep fluids down, or a seizure. Seek prompt advice for a very young infant with fever, worsening after improvement, a severe underlying condition, pregnancy, or a weakened immune system. Medical review can help when fever is persistent, symptoms are unusually severe, or a cough becomes associated with breathlessness or chest pain.

Ask whether testing or an antiviral medicine is appropriate, which fever treatment fits your age and medical history, and how to avoid duplicate ingredients. Explain when symptoms began, your highest recorded temperature, fluid intake, breathing, pregnancy status, and regular medicines.