What should you know about polio?

Poliovirus can enter the body through contaminated food, water or close contact and may cause no noticeable illness. When symptoms occur, they can resemble a mild viral infection, with fever, sore throat, tiredness, nausea or stomach upset. In a smaller group of cases, the nervous system is affected and muscle weakness or paralysis can develop.

Weakness that comes on suddenly is not something to watch at home. Polio cannot be confirmed from symptoms alone, and other urgent conditions can look similar. Medical assessment may include an examination and tests guided by the clinical situation.

Review vaccination records for children and adults who may have missed recommended doses, especially before travel or when records are incomplete. Childhood immunisation schedules are designed to build protection early, and a clinician can explain catch-up options. Wash hands carefully after using the toilet and before preparing food, and use safe food and water practices when advised locally.

Seek emergency help for sudden limb weakness, difficulty walking, trouble swallowing, breathing difficulty, a stiff neck with severe illness, or loss of bladder control. Contact a clinician promptly after possible exposure if fever or weakness develops, and mention travel, vaccination history and any affected contacts. Do not delay because early symptoms can be nonspecific.

Ask whether the vaccination record is complete, whether catch-up doses are needed, and what advice applies after travel or exposure. If weakness or another neurological symptom is present, ask what emergency pathway to use while assessment is arranged.