Causes of depression in men

Work strain, financial or relationship difficulties, bereavement, isolation, trauma, and pressure to appear strong can all affect mental health. Chronic pain, hormonal or other medical problems, alcohol or drug use, and poor sleep can add to vulnerability or intensify symptoms. A family history may also matter.

Depression in men may show as irritability, anger, withdrawal, risk-taking, overworking, or increased drinking rather than an obvious sadness. Fatigue, difficulty concentrating, daytime sleepiness, changes in sleep, and feeling anxious can also occur. These signs do not prove depression, and a clinician can consider physical causes as well.

Speak with a GP if changes in mood, behaviour, sleep, or energy are lasting or interfering with responsibilities. Before the appointment, note when symptoms started, changes in alcohol or medicines, sleep patterns, pain, and major pressures. Support from a trusted person can make seeking care easier. Treatment can involve therapy, medicine, lifestyle support, or a combination tailored to the person.

Get urgent help if you may harm yourself or someone else, have thoughts of suicide, feel unable to stay safe, or are severely affected by alcohol or drugs. Emergency services or an emergency department are appropriate when danger is immediate. New confusion, extreme sleeplessness, or a sudden major behaviour change also needs prompt medical review.

Ask whether your symptoms could reflect depression, sleep problems, substance use, medication effects, or a physical condition, and ask which treatment and safety supports should come first.