What should you know about cardinal signs of measles?

Measles often starts with fever and feeling unwell, followed by cough, a runny nose, and red or watery eyes. Small spots inside the mouth may appear before the rash. The rash is usually blotchy, starts around the hairline or face, and moves to the neck and body. Swollen glands can occur, but they are not specific to measles.

A rash with fever can have many causes, so appearance alone cannot confirm measles. Recent travel, contact with someone unwell, vaccination history, and the order in which symptoms appeared help a clinician assess the possibility. Call ahead before attending a clinic because measles can spread through the air.

Stay away from school, work, crowded waiting rooms, and people who may be vulnerable until a clinician gives advice. Contact a GP consultation service by phone first and describe the fever, rash, breathing symptoms, and possible exposure. Keep the room ventilated, avoid sharing cups or towels, and wash hands frequently.

Offer fluids and rest. Use suitable fever relief according to the label or a clinician's advice, and never give aspirin to a child. Check vaccination records when practical; MMR vaccination helps prevent measles, but a suspected infection still needs medical guidance.

Seek emergency care for difficult or fast breathing, blue lips, severe drowsiness, confusion, a seizure, stiff neck, severe dehydration, or a child who is hard to wake. Get prompt clinical advice for a pregnant person, an infant, or anyone with a weakened immune system who may have been exposed.

Ask whether the symptom pattern needs measles testing or notification; how long to stay away from others; how to protect household contacts; whether MMR vaccination is appropriate for close contacts; and which changes should prompt emergency care.