Can vitamin B12 deficiency cause peripheral neuropathy?

Peripheral nerves carry messages between the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the body. Low B12 can interfere with the protective covering and normal function of these nerves. People may notice pins and needles, numbness, burning, reduced sensation, weakness or unsteadiness, often beginning in the feet or hands. These symptoms can also have other causes, including diabetes, alcohol-related nerve injury or pressure on a nerve, so testing and examination matter.

Book a clinical assessment if tingling, numbness or balance problems continue, especially when both feet or hands are affected. Your clinician may examine sensation, strength and reflexes and order blood tests for B12 and other possible causes. Treatment usually focuses on replacing B12 and correcting the underlying reason for low levels. Avoid taking high-dose supplements without advice, because they can complicate assessment of some conditions.

Seek urgent help for sudden one-sided weakness, facial drooping, trouble speaking, severe new balance loss or rapidly worsening weakness. Arrange prompt care for new falls, difficulty walking or loss of bladder or bowel control; these symptoms need assessment rather than waiting for supplements to work.

Ask whether your symptoms fit peripheral neuropathy, which tests can identify B12 deficiency, and whether absorption problems or medicines could be involved. Ask how quickly treatment should start and how sensation, strength and balance will be followed.