Can oral mucositis be prevented?

The most suitable approach depends on the treatment, the area being treated and the condition of your mouth before therapy begins. Your cancer team may combine dental assessment, a gentle cleaning routine and specific protective measures.

Oral mucositis is inflammation and damage to the lining of the mouth caused by some cancer treatments. It may begin as redness or tenderness and can progress to ulcers that make eating, drinking, swallowing or speaking difficult. Chemotherapy can affect rapidly renewing cells throughout the mouth, while radiotherapy involving the head or neck can injure tissues in the treatment area.

A healthy-looking mouth at the start does not remove the risk. Prevention aims to limit injury, keep the mouth clean and identify changes before they interfere with nutrition, hydration or treatment.

Arrange any recommended dental check before treatment so infection, sharp teeth or poorly fitting dentures can be addressed. Use a soft toothbrush, clean gently, keep lips moisturised and follow the mouth-rinse instructions from your care team. Avoid tobacco, alcohol-containing mouthwash and foods that are sharp, very hot, spicy or acidic if they irritate the lining.

Tell the team as soon as soreness starts. Depending on your treatment, they may recommend cooling the mouth during an infusion, protective medicines, pain relief or changes to food texture. Do not use antiseptics, herbal products or numbing gels without checking that they suit your treatment.

Contact your cancer team promptly for mouth ulcers, white patches, bleeding, worsening pain, fever, or difficulty eating and drinking. Seek urgent medical help if you cannot swallow fluids, feel faint or confused, pass much less urine, or develop trouble breathing. These problems can signal dehydration, infection or swelling that needs rapid assessment.

Ask whether your treatment is likely to affect the mouth, whether you need a dental assessment, which toothbrush and rinse to use, and whom to call after clinic hours. You can also ask which preventive measures fit your treatment and how the team will support pain control, hydration and nutrition if soreness develops.