Can iron deficiency anaemia be prevented?

The body needs iron to make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. Levels may fall when the diet supplies too little iron, when menstrual or other blood loss continues, or when the digestive system cannot absorb iron properly. Coeliac disease and peptic ulcer disease are examples of conditions that may need investigation. Tiredness, breathlessness on exertion, pale skin, headaches, palpitations, hair changes, or unusual cravings can occur, but symptoms alone cannot confirm the diagnosis.

Include iron-rich foods such as meat, fish, eggs, beans, lentils, tofu, and fortified foods, alongside a varied diet. Plant sources are absorbed less readily, so combining them with vegetables or fruit containing vitamin C may help. Do not start iron tablets routinely without advice: excess iron can be harmful and treatment should match the cause. Discuss heavy periods, frequent blood donation, digestive symptoms, or dietary restrictions with a clinician so testing and prevention can be tailored.

Book an appointment for persistent tiredness, breathlessness, faintness, palpitations, unexplained cravings, or suspected blood loss. Seek prompt care for black or bloody stools, vomiting blood, heavy bleeding with weakness, chest pain, or severe breathlessness. Confirmed iron deficiency needs a search for its cause, especially when bleeding is unexplained or digestive symptoms are present.

Ask which blood tests are needed, whether your diet or bleeding pattern may contribute, and whether symptoms suggest coeliac disease or peptic ulcer disease.