How a breast biopsy is done

The method depends on whether the area is felt by hand or seen on ultrasound, mammography, or another scan. Fine-needle aspiration collects cells or fluid; a core needle collects narrow pieces of tissue. Surgical biopsy removes a larger portion when needle sampling is unsuitable or does not answer the clinical question.

A recommendation for biopsy means that tissue needs closer examination. It does not by itself establish whether a change is benign or cancerous.

You may sit or lie in a position that gives the clinician access to the target. The skin is cleaned, local anaesthetic is injected, and imaging may guide the needle to the correct spot. Several samples may be taken through the same small opening, and a tiny marker may be placed to identify the sampled area on future images.

Pressure limits bleeding afterward, followed by a dressing. Before leaving, obtain written directions about bathing, lifting, pain relief, medicines, results, and the contact number for concerns.

Mild soreness, bruising, and a small amount of swelling can occur. Get medical advice promptly for bleeding that does not stop with firm pressure, rapidly expanding swelling, worsening severe pain, fever, pus, or redness and warmth spreading beyond the sampled area. Seek emergency help for breathing trouble or collapse.

Ask which biopsy method and imaging guide will be used, whether a marker will be placed, what sensations to expect, when normal activity can resume, how results will be delivered, and whether an unclear result might require another sample.