Blocked, runny nose and sneezing: what to know

Allergic rhinitis often causes repeated sneezing, an itchy nose, watery eyes and clear discharge, especially after exposure to dust, pollen or animals. House dust mite allergy may be noticeable indoors or in the bedroom, while pet allergy follows contact with an animal. A common cold can bring sore throat, cough, tiredness and a changing blocked or runny nose. Influenza and COVID-19 can also cause nasal symptoms, but fever, aches, marked fatigue, cough or a change in taste or smell may point toward a broader viral illness. Sinusitis may cause facial pressure, reduced smell and thicker drainage.

Rest, drink fluids and use saline spray to loosen mucus. Wash hands, cover coughs and consider staying away from others while you feel unwell. Reduce exposure to a suspected allergen and ventilate rooms without smoke or strong scents. A pharmacist can advise about allergy medication or other symptom relief after checking your age, health conditions and current medicines. Follow local guidance about testing when a contagious infection is possible.

Arrange medical advice if symptoms persist beyond the expected illness, keep returning, or include facial pain, breathing problems or worsening after initial improvement. Seek urgent care for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, confusion, dehydration, swelling around the eyes, or a severe headache with fever. Babies, older adults and people with significant long-term conditions may need earlier advice.

Does this pattern fit allergy, a cold or sinus inflammation? Should I test for a viral infection? Which treatment is safe with my existing medicines?