Blocked but runny nose: what it can mean and what to do

The lining inside the nose can swell while producing extra mucus. Allergic rhinitis may cause repeated sneezing, itching and watery discharge, while a common cold can add sore throat, cough or tiredness. Sinusitis may bring facial pressure, reduced smell or thicker mucus. COVID-19 and influenza can also include nasal symptoms, especially when fever, aches, cough or a change in smell appears. Triggers such as dust, strong scents, smoke or dry air can worsen congestion without causing an infection.

Drink fluids according to your usual needs and use a saline nasal spray or rinse to loosen mucus; use sterile, distilled or previously boiled and cooled water for a homemade rinse. Rest, avoid smoke and reduce exposure to a known allergen. Blow your nose gently, one side at a time. A pharmacist can explain whether an antihistamine or a short course of a decongestant is suitable, particularly if you have high blood pressure, glaucoma, pregnancy or take regular medicines. Do not use decongestant nasal sprays longer than the product advises, because congestion can rebound.

Seek urgent medical help for trouble breathing, swelling around the eyes, severe headache, confusion, a stiff neck or marked weakness. Arrange a clinical assessment if symptoms are severe, keep returning, follow an injury, or are accompanied by persistent facial pain, high fever, dehydration or worsening after initial improvement. A clinician can examine the nose and consider testing when an infectious illness is possible.

Ask what pattern best fits your symptoms, whether allergy treatment or an examination is appropriate, and which nasal products are safe with your health conditions and medicines.