What should you know about birth defects from Zika?

Zika is spread mainly by infected mosquitoes, and sexual transmission is also possible. Infection may cause no symptoms or may cause a mild illness, so feeling well does not rule out exposure. When infection occurs during pregnancy, the virus can cross to the developing fetus and may affect brain growth, vision, hearing, or movement. The actual risk depends on factors such as timing, location of exposure, symptoms, and test results. A possible exposure is not the same as a confirmed infection.

Contact a GP or travel-health clinician promptly if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or have had possible exposure. Share travel dates, places visited, mosquito bites, symptoms, sexual exposure, and any available test results. Use mosquito protection with covered clothing, screens, and an appropriate repellent. Discuss pregnancy planning and sexual precautions with a clinician rather than relying on symptoms alone. Follow the recommended antenatal monitoring plan if exposure or infection is confirmed.

Seek prompt medical advice for possible Zika exposure during pregnancy, a new rash with fever, red eyes, joint pain, or a pregnancy concern after travel. Seek urgent care for severe headache, weakness, confusion, breathing difficulty, or reduced fetal movement. Tell the maternity team about travel or sexual exposure so they can coordinate appropriate assessment.

Was my travel or sexual exposure in an area where Zika may occur? Do I need testing? What pregnancy monitoring is appropriate? How should we reduce mosquito and sexual transmission risks?