When a Bartholin cyst will not go away

Persistence alone does not reveal whether infection is present. Pain, redness, warmth, rapid enlargement, discharge and fever help guide urgency, while an examination establishes whether the swelling actually arises from the Bartholin gland.

A narrow duct carries fluid from each Bartholin gland to the vaginal opening. If its opening stays sealed, the cyst may remain stable or slowly refill after some fluid escapes. An abscess forms when infection develops within the collection and is more likely to cause marked tenderness and pressure.

Repeated swelling can occur when a drainage opening heals before a durable new channel forms. A lump in the same area can also have another cause, including a skin cyst or inflamed follicle. That is why ongoing self-treatment without confirming the diagnosis can delay suitable care.

Arrange a gynaecology or primary-care appointment if the lump remains, interferes with movement or sex, or has returned. Note whether its size changes, whether it has drained and whether you have fever or discharge. These details help the clinician decide between observation, controlled drainage and a procedure that creates a longer-lasting opening.

Until you are assessed, comfortably warm water soaks and loose clothing may reduce irritation. Avoid puncturing, cutting or squeezing the swelling, because an improvised opening can damage tissue and may not drain the deeper cavity.

Seek urgent care for fever, spreading redness, rapidly worsening swelling, severe pain, faintness or difficulty passing urine. A painful lump that prevents normal sitting or walking also deserves prompt assessment because drainage may be needed for relief.

Request assessment of any new, persistent Bartholin-area lump after menopause, even if it is not sore. Clinicians may examine or sample an unusual mass to exclude other explanations rather than assuming it is a cyst.

Ask whether the duct is still blocked, whether there are signs of infection and what could prevent another refill. If a procedure is proposed, discuss how it is performed, how the wound is cared for, what discomfort to expect and which symptoms require reassessment.