Bartholin cyst during your period: what to know

A Bartholin cyst forms when fluid collects behind a blocked duct beside the vaginal opening. Hormonal cycle changes are not the blockage itself. During bleeding, moisture, rubbing and pressure from a menstrual product can increase awareness of a cyst without proving that it has grown or become infected.

A small, soft lump on one side may cause little discomfort. Increasing tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling, unpleasant-smelling drainage, fever or feeling unwell can accompany an abscess, which is an infected collection. Menstrual blood can make discharge harder to assess, so notice whether there is a new odour, pus-like fluid or pain that is different from your usual period symptoms.

Pelvic cramps and pain at the vaginal opening are different symptom patterns. A clinician can examine the exact location when the source is unclear.

Use the menstrual product that causes the least pressure or rubbing, and change it as directed so the vulval area stays clean and dry. If a tampon or cup presses against the lump or hurts during insertion, switch to an external pad or period underwear until you have been assessed. Wash gently with warm water, pat dry and avoid fragranced intimate products.

Warm-water soaks may ease mild discomfort and encourage natural drainage. Do not squeeze, pierce or cut the lump. If you can normally take an over-the-counter pain reliever, follow its label and ask a pharmacist if pregnancy, another condition or another medicine could affect your choice.

Seek prompt medical assessment for severe or rapidly worsening pain, fever, spreading redness, marked swelling, difficulty sitting or walking, or feeling generally unwell. These features can signal infection and are reasons to act regardless of where you are in your cycle.

Book a routine examination for any new lump near the vaginal opening, a lump that persists after bleeding ends, or a cyst that repeatedly returns. Treatment is based on examination, symptoms and whether infection is present; a procedure that creates a lasting drainage opening may be discussed for a troublesome or recurrent cyst.

Ask whether the lump fits a Bartholin cyst or abscess, whether a swab or other test is appropriate, and which menstrual products are least likely to irritate it. You can also ask what change would require urgent review, whether drainage is needed, and what to do if the swelling returns.