A bad runny nose: what to know

Clear watery discharge with sneezing, itchy eyes or symptoms after exposure to dust, pets or pollen can fit allergic rhinitis. A common cold often brings congestion, sore throat or cough. Fever, body aches or marked tiredness can occur with influenza or COVID-19, and testing may be appropriate according to local guidance. Thick discharge with facial pressure, reduced smell or symptoms that persist may occur with sinusitis. Colour alone does not prove a bacterial infection.

Sip fluids, rest, and use saline spray or rinsing as directed. Wash hands, avoid smoke and reduce contact with a suspected allergen. A pharmacist can advise on age-appropriate options, including allergy treatment, while checking other medicines and health conditions. Stay home when acutely unwell and improve ventilation around others. Do not use decongestant sprays longer than the product instructions.

Seek urgent help for difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, severe dehydration, confusion, or a rapidly worsening illness. Arrange medical review for severe facial pain, swelling around an eye, persistent high fever, symptoms lasting unusually long, or a runny nose after a head injury. Young children, older adults and people with long-term conditions may need advice sooner.

Does the timing suggest allergy, a viral illness or sinus inflammation? Should I test for COVID-19? Which nasal treatment is safe with my medicines? What signs would mean I need review?