Asymptomatic Bartholin cyst: what to know

The cyst forms when the duct of a Bartholin gland near the vaginal opening becomes blocked and fluid collects. A lump that does not hurt may be noticed during washing, sex or an examination. A clinician can confirm that the lump's location and appearance fit this diagnosis.

The Bartholin glands sit on either side of the vaginal opening and release lubricating fluid through small ducts. A blockage can create a soft swelling, commonly on one side. If the cyst is not tender, red or interfering with activity, immediate drainage may offer little benefit.

A cyst and an abscess are different. An abscess contains infection and commonly presents with increasing vulval pain, tenderness, warmth or swelling; fever or feeling unwell may also occur. Symptoms, rather than the mere presence of a lump, guide urgency.

Avoid squeezing, puncturing or trying to drain the cyst yourself, as this can injure tissue and introduce infection. Wash gently with water, avoid irritating products and wear clothing that does not rub the area. You do not need to repeatedly press the lump to check it.

Book a non-urgent examination if this is a new lump, the diagnosis has not been confirmed, it persists, or you are concerned about its appearance. Age, menopausal status and unusual examination features can influence whether a clinician recommends further assessment rather than simple observation.

Seek prompt medical assessment if the lump rapidly enlarges, becomes painful, hot, red or starts draining pus, or if sitting and walking become difficult. Fever, chills, marked weakness or spreading redness require urgent care because infection may be progressing.

A painful or infected cyst may need drainage. Marsupialisation is one possible procedure for a cyst that recurs or needs a lasting drainage opening, but the choice depends on examination findings and previous treatment.

Ask whether the lump is in the expected Bartholin gland location, what changes would suggest an abscess, whether testing or sampling is appropriate for you, and what drainage options would be considered if the cyst becomes painful or returns.