What to know about sunburn

Ultraviolet radiation damages exposed skin and triggers inflammation. On lighter skin, the affected area may look pink or red; on darker skin, visible redness can be subtle while heat, soreness, tightness, or swelling remains noticeable. More intense burns can blister, and damaged surface cells may shed as peeling. Symptoms can become clearer after leaving the sun, so the initial appearance may underestimate the injury. Repeated ultraviolet injury contributes to premature skin changes and skin cancer risk.

Move out of the sun and cool the skin with a cool shower or damp compress; do not apply ice directly. Drink fluids, use a plain fragrance-free moisturiser, and wear loose clothing over the area. Leave blisters intact because their covering protects the skin underneath. A pharmacist can advise whether a pain reliever is suitable for you. Keep healing skin protected with shade and clothing, and use broad-spectrum sunscreen on exposed areas according to its label.

Get prompt medical help for widespread blistering, severe pain, marked facial swelling, eye pain, confusion, fainting, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, or signs of heat illness. A baby or young child with significant sunburn should be assessed promptly. Spreading redness, increasing warmth, pus, fever, or worsening tenderness after blisters break can indicate infection. Call emergency services for collapse, severe confusion, seizures, or breathing difficulty.

Describe the exposed body areas, blistering, fluid intake, medicines used, and any headache, dizziness, fever, or nausea. Ask how to dress broken blisters, which moisturiser or pain medicine fits your health history, and when you can safely resume outdoor activity. Mention medicines or skin products that may increase sensitivity to sunlight.