Antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection

A clinician may recommend an antibiotic when your history, examination, or test results point to a bacterial cause. The medicine and course depend on the suspected infection, allergies, other medicines, pregnancy status, and local prescribing guidance.

The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, sinuses, throat, and voice box. Colds and many sore throats start with viruses, so an antibiotic would not shorten the illness or relieve congestion caused by the virus.

Mucus colour alone cannot confirm a bacterial infection. A clinician considers the pattern of symptoms, how they are changing, examination findings, and whether testing is appropriate. Unnecessary antibiotic use can cause diarrhoea, nausea, thrush, allergic reactions, and antibiotic resistance.

Rest, drink enough fluid to keep urine pale, and consider saline nasal rinses or warm drinks for comfort. A pharmacist can advise whether paracetamol or another symptom medicine is suitable for you, especially if you have a long-term condition, take regular medicines, or are pregnant.

If an antibiotic is prescribed, take it exactly as directed and complete the advised course unless the prescriber tells you to stop. Do not share antibiotics, save leftovers, or use medicine prescribed for a previous illness. Contact the prescriber if you develop a rash, troublesome diarrhoea, vomiting that prevents doses, or another suspected side effect.

Arrange a medical assessment if symptoms are worsening rather than settling, return after initial improvement, or make it difficult to drink. Earlier review is sensible for someone with reduced immunity, significant lung disease, or frailty.

Seek urgent care for difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, confusion, severe dehydration, inability to swallow saliva, marked neck swelling, or a rapidly spreading rash. After an antibiotic dose, swelling of the lips or tongue, wheezing, or breathing difficulty may signal a severe allergic reaction and needs emergency help.

Ask what features suggest a viral or bacterial cause, whether a test would change treatment, how soon improvement should begin, and which side effects should prompt a call. Mention previous antibiotic reactions and bring an accurate list of medicines and supplements.