Anaphylaxis and food allergy: what to know

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction involving more than a minor, local response. In a person with food allergy, exposure can trigger swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, breathing difficulty, wheezing, widespread hives, repeated vomiting, dizziness, confusion or collapse. Symptoms may begin soon after eating, but timing can vary. An itchy throat alone has several possible causes; anaphylaxis may present with throat itching when it progresses alongside breathing, circulation or widespread skin and digestive symptoms.

Use the prescribed epinephrine auto-injector immediately when anaphylaxis is suspected, following the device instructions, then call emergency services. Do not wait for an antihistamine to work, because it does not treat dangerous airway swelling or low blood pressure. Have the person lie flat with legs raised if tolerated; if breathing is difficult, allow a supported sitting position. Avoid letting them stand or walk. If they are vomiting or unconscious but breathing, place them on their side. A second prescribed device may be needed according to the person’s emergency plan if symptoms continue or return.

Treat trouble breathing, throat tightness, a hoarse voice, tongue swelling, faintness, collapse or rapidly worsening symptoms after possible food exposure as an emergency. Emergency assessment is still needed after epinephrine improves symptoms, because the reaction can recur and further treatment or observation may be necessary. If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR if you are able and follow the emergency dispatcher’s instructions.

After recovery, discuss the suspected food, ingredient labels, cross-contact, safe eating outside the home and whether allergy testing is appropriate. Ask for a written action plan and hands-on auto-injector training. Confirm how many devices to carry, where to store them in the UAE climate, when to use another dose, and how family, school or colleagues should respond. Review expiry dates and arrange replacement devices before they expire.