Allergies, sneezing and a runny nose

Symptoms occur when the lining of the nose reacts to an allergen such as dust mites, animal proteins or pollen. Eye itching and watering may occur at the same time.

An allergy pattern is supported by nasal or eye itching, bursts of sneezing and symptoms linked to a place, season or exposure. Allergic rhinitis does not usually cause fever.

A common cold, influenza and COVID-19 can also present with a runny nose or sneezing. Fever, body aches, sore throat, marked tiredness or a recent infectious contact may point toward an infection. Facial pressure with persistent thick discharge can occur with sinusitis. Symptoms alone cannot always distinguish these conditions.

Notice where and when symptoms flare, then reduce the relevant exposure when practical. Washing after outdoor exposure, changing pillow covers regularly, keeping pets out of sleeping areas and damp-dusting may help in the appropriate setting. Saline nasal rinsing can wash irritants from the nose; use sterile, distilled, or previously boiled and cooled water.

A pharmacist or clinician can help select an antihistamine or nasal spray and explain correct technique. Some decongestant sprays can worsen blockage if used for too long, so follow the product directions and seek advice if you need continuing relief.

Get urgent help for difficulty breathing, severe wheezing, faintness, or swelling of the mouth or throat. Seek prompt assessment for a severe headache, swelling around an eye, confusion, stiff neck, or significant dehydration.

Book a non-urgent review if the problem repeatedly disrupts sleep, work or school; if the trigger is uncertain; or if treatment is not controlling it. Testing for an infection may be appropriate when respiratory illness is suspected.

Tell your clinician about itching, fever, facial pain, breathing symptoms, likely exposures and how long each episode lasts. Ask whether the pattern fits allergic rhinitis, whether infection testing is needed, and which treatment can be used safely with your health conditions and current medicines.