What allergic rhinitis means in children

The immune system reacts to a normally harmless substance, such as pollen, house-dust mites, mould or animal dander. This response inflames the lining of the nose. A child may sneeze repeatedly, rub an itchy nose, breathe through the mouth or have watery, itchy eyes. Symptoms can appear during a particular season or continue through much of the year, depending on the trigger. Allergic rhinitis is also called hay fever or seasonal allergies, although symptoms are not always seasonal.

Notice when symptoms occur and whether they follow outdoor play, dusty rooms or contact with animals. Reducing exposure to a suspected trigger can help: keep smoke and strong fragrances away, wash bedding regularly, and have the child wash their face after heavy pollen exposure. Saline nasal spray or rinsing may clear mucus and allergens. A clinician or pharmacist can advise whether an age-appropriate antihistamine or corticosteroid nasal spray is suitable and show the correct technique. Do not use an adult medicine or dose for a child unless a qualified clinician has directed it.

Arrange a medical assessment if nasal symptoms disturb sleep, school, play or eating; keep returning; or do not improve with sensible trigger avoidance. A clinician can check for asthma, eczema, sinus or ear problems and other causes of congestion. Seek urgent help if the child has difficulty breathing, wheezing that is severe or worsening, swelling of the lips or tongue, trouble swallowing, unusual drowsiness, or blue or grey lips or skin. Fever, significant facial pain or thick discharge may point to an infection rather than allergy and also deserves clinical advice.

Ask which triggers fit your child's pattern, whether allergy testing would change management, and which medicine and dose match the child's age and health. It is also useful to ask for a demonstration of nasal-spray technique and how to recognise symptoms that could be asthma. Bring a list of current medicines and a brief record of when symptoms are most troublesome.