Adult rubella

It spreads in respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Adults may notice swollen glands behind the ears or at the back of the neck, a fine rash, tiredness, red eyes, fever or joint pain. Some infected people have few or no obvious symptoms yet can still pass on the virus.

Rubella is also called German measles, but it is caused by a different virus from measles. In adults, joint aches or stiffness may be more prominent than in children. A rash and fever can occur with many infections, so appearance alone cannot reliably confirm rubella; clinical assessment and laboratory testing may be needed.

The major safety issue is infection during pregnancy because the virus can harm the developing baby. Anyone who is pregnant, may be pregnant, or has had close contact with a pregnant person should disclose that immediately when seeking advice.

Call a clinic before attending so staff can reduce exposure to other patients, especially pregnant patients. Stay away from work, social gatherings and shared indoor spaces until a clinician or public-health professional advises that you are no longer infectious. Do not share cups, utensils or towels, and cover coughs and sneezes.

Rest, drink fluids and discuss suitable medicine for fever or joint discomfort with a pharmacist or clinician, particularly if pregnant or taking other medicines. Antibiotics do not treat rubella because it is viral. Vaccination helps prevent future infection but does not treat an infection already underway.

Seek same-day medical advice after suspected rubella exposure if you are pregnant, could be pregnant, have a weakened immune system, or live with someone who is pregnant. Phone first rather than entering a waiting room without warning.

Call emergency services for difficulty breathing, severe drowsiness, confusion, a seizure, fainting, a stiff neck, or a rash that does not fade when pressed. Urgency comes from these warning signs and pregnancy status, not from whether the initial rash seems mild.

Tell the clinician when symptoms began, where possible exposure occurred, your vaccination history and whether pregnancy is relevant for you or a close contact. Ask whether testing is appropriate, how long to avoid contact with others, and whether household or workplace contacts need public-health guidance.