Abdominal pain and indigestion explained

A single episode after a heavy meal may settle with simple measures. Recurrent discomfort, a change in your usual pattern, or warning signs should be assessed rather than repeatedly self-treated.

Indigestion describes a group of upper digestive symptoms rather than one disease. It may include uncomfortable fullness during or after meals, burning or aching high in the abdomen, nausea, and belching. Acid reflux often adds burning behind the breastbone or sour fluid reaching the mouth, while gastritis may produce a sore or gnawing upper abdomen.

Pain linked with fever, persistent diarrhoea, jaundice, urinary changes, or marked tenderness is not a typical indigestion pattern. Pain on the right after food, widespread cramps, or lower abdominal discomfort may require assessment for a different source.

Eat slowly and choose smaller portions while symptoms are active. Notice whether fatty, spicy, acidic, caffeinated, or fizzy items make discomfort worse. Avoid lying down directly after eating and limit alcohol. If an anti-inflammatory painkiller appears to trigger symptoms, discuss alternatives with a clinician or pharmacist rather than stopping a prescribed medicine without advice.

A pharmacist can help select an antacid or acid-reducing option and check it against your medicines and health conditions. Record when discomfort occurs, its precise location, and whether meals, bowel movements, or movement alter it.

Seek urgent help for severe sudden pain, a hard or very tender abdomen, fainting, breathing difficulty, vomit containing blood, black stool, or chest pressure with sweating or pain spreading to the jaw or arm. These symptoms should not be managed as ordinary indigestion.

Arrange an appointment if symptoms keep returning, do not improve with sensible changes, or occur with trouble swallowing, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss, anaemia, jaundice, or a lasting change in bowel habits. Mention any family history of digestive disease and all medicines or supplements you use.

Ask whether your symptom pattern fits reflux, stomach irritation, or another problem; whether a medicine could be contributing; which treatment to try; and which change means you should return sooner. Clarify whether any examination or test is appropriate for your history.