Signs of early labour at 31 weeks

Preterm labour can present with contractions that develop a pattern or become stronger, period-like cramps, low back pain, downward pressure, a change in vaginal discharge, a mucus show, or a gush or trickle that could be amniotic fluid. Symptoms may be subtle, and an assessment is needed to determine their cause.

Preterm labour means that contractions are causing the cervix to change before the pregnancy has reached term. Tightenings alone do not confirm it: Braxton Hicks contractions, urinary problems and other causes can produce overlapping sensations. The maternity team may ask about timing and fluid loss, monitor the baby's heartbeat and contractions, examine you, and use urine, swab or ultrasound tests when appropriate.

The result guides care. If labour is not established, you may be observed or discharged with clear return instructions. If birth appears possible, the team may offer medicines intended to support the baby's preparation for birth, adjust contractions when suitable, and arrange neonatal or specialist care.

Telephone your maternity triage or labour ward immediately and say that you are 31 weeks pregnant. Describe whether tightenings are repeating, when they began, whether pain is increasing, any blood or fluid, and how your baby is moving. Follow their directions about coming in; do not drive yourself if you feel faint, severely unwell or unable to travel safely.

If fluid is leaking, use a sanitary pad rather than a tampon so the colour and amount can be assessed. Avoid placing anything in the vagina while awaiting advice. Bring your maternity notes and medicines if asked, but do not delay departure to collect nonessential items.

Seek immediate maternity care for suspected waters breaking, vaginal bleeding, regular or painful contractions, persistent pelvic pressure, severe abdominal or back pain, fever, foul-smelling or coloured fluid, or movement that is reduced from your baby's normal pattern. Call emergency services for heavy bleeding, collapse, severe breathing difficulty, a seizure, or a strong urge to push when birth seems imminent. Do not wait for symptoms to become more frequent before seeking advice at 31 weeks.

Ask whether your cervix shows change, whether your waters appear intact, and what the monitoring says about contractions and the baby. If treatment is offered, ask what it is intended to do, what side effects to expect, and whether you may need transfer to a hospital with neonatal services. Before going home, confirm which returning symptoms require another immediate call.